The positions of cable inlets can differ depending on the supplier and motor type. Position 1 or 2 normally applies. If you require a special cable inlet position, please ask us. Please specify the desired position with 1, 2, 3, or 4 as per the drawing.

Note: Motors are generally delivered without cable glands.

All drive motors that are used are designed for continuous operation and meet the applicable VDE regulations, EU directives, standards, and accident prevention regulations.

The following are used as standard:

• 230 V, 50 Hz shaded-pole motors
• 230 V, 50 Hz single-phase alternating current motors with operating capacitor 
• 230/400 V, 50 Hz three-phase motors
• 202-306/350-530 V, 50/60 Hz extended voltage range motors
• ATEX motors in the ignition protection classes Ex "e", Ex "d", Ex "de", Ex "nA", or Ex "t"; for the available zones, see our information on the ATEX design.

The shaded-pole motors are designed in insulation class B and IP 20; all others are in insulation class F and IP 54 (to 120 W) or IP 55.

Single-phase motors are available up to a power of 1.1 kW.

Extended voltage range motors are available up to a power of 1.0 kW at 60 Hz.

In the case of three-phase motors as of a power of 5.5 kW, the motor winding is designed for star/delta starting with a voltage of 400/690 V.

Special motors are available on request, for example, special voltages, higher protection classes, with thermal protection devices, in ISO class H, with 60 Hz design, CSA/UL design, and with different shaft dimensions etc.

In the case of standard fans in insulation class F, the permitted temperature of the conveyed medium is -15°C to +80°C, whereby the ambient temperature of the drive motor is not allowed to exceed +40°C.

For the conveyance of hot air/gases, a temperature barrier is used, permitting a conveyed medium temperature of between 250°C and 350°C (higher temperatures available on request).

If integrated variable frequency drives are used, the ambient temperature of +40°C must not be exceeded, since otherwise the electronics are subjected to thermal overload, which can result in significant power losses and failures. In the case of applications with temperatures above 60°C in an Ex-zone, please see our information on the ATEX design.

Fans for conveying hot gas or air are fitted with a temperature barrier. The temperature barrier is required for non-short-term media temperatures of above 80°C. 

The temperature of the conveyed medium is not allowed to exceed 350°C at a nominal speed of 2,800 rpm and 200°C at 1,400 rpm.

Particular attention must be paid to this, even if operating the fan with a variable frequency drive. In such cases, the use of external motor cooling with a separate drive motor (regardless of the main motor speed) is a possible solution approach, for example.

In the case of non-short-term media temperatures of more than 350°C, thermal insulation is also required for the fan case. The thickness of the insulation depends on the maximum media temperature.

In the case of fans in the APOVENT and APOGUSS range, a temperature barrier is required as of a media temperature of more than 200°C due to other design features of the fan. Here, the temperature barrier takes the form of mechanical touch protection and a cooling vane.

The ambient temperature is not allowed to exceed 40°C for all of these designs. However, if this is unavoidable, a special solution can be offered on a case-by-case basis - depending on all of the applicable conditions.

In the case of increased media temperatures, note that the pressure build-up of the fan decreases in proportion with the density. 

All fan wheels used are balanced dynamically on two levels.

The standard balance quality is G6.3 as per DIN ISO 1940 Part 1.

In the case of smaller fans with shaded-pole motors and external rotors, drum impellers with forward curved blades are used; for larger types, high-performance impellers with backward curved blades are used. 

For smaller medium-pressure fans, medium-pressure impellers with forward curved blades are used.

Medium-pressure high-performance impellers with backward curved blades are used for larger types.

In the case of fans for the conveyance of dusty media, impeller geometries that prevent the accumulation of dust in the impeller are used. 

In general, all fan wheels are available in stainless steel (1.4301). On request, they are also available in 1.4404 and 1.4571

Transport fans contain open impellers with backward curved blades and sometimes radial ending blade tips. In each case, the wheel has no cover disk.

High-pressure fans have slim impellers with heavily backward curved blades. These impellers are often made from aluminium.

In the characteristic curves determined in the test chamber as per Fig. 1, the relationship between the static/total pressure increase and the volume flow is displayed. These are standard characteristic curves, which means that they apply only for the defined suction-side and pressure-side connection conditions, which are actually rarely found in practical usage, meaning that deviations from the relevant standard characteristic curve are to be expected. The measurement results depicted in the standard characteristic curves are converted to an air density of 1.205 kg/m3 at a temperature of 20°C and an air pressure of 1013 mbar.

The laws of similarity mechanics apply for the conversion of the measurement results to other densities and speeds.

In principle, Karl Klein radial fans are designed for use over the entire characteristic curve range, so from fully throttled (V° = 0 m3/h) to free-blowing (V° max.), whereby the most efficient working range is between 15% and 85%.

The correct choice of fan is made on the basis of the required conveying power (volume flow) and the desired pressure difference. The available space and generated operating noise as well as any chemical and thermal requirements are naturally also important.

• Operating point (intersection of volume flow and static pressure)
• Voltage
• Frequency
• Flow type
• Temperature of conveyed medium
• Type of conveyed medium
• Speed and terminal box position
• Accessories and special requirements